Germany has adopted a seemingly contradictory set of policies in its effort to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and increase energy security. While it has greatly emphasized renewable energy, the government remains committed to a phase-out of nuclear power and to the construction of new gas pipelines from Russia.
Germany’s support for renewables has paid off. The country surpassed Japan in 2005 as the world’s leading producer of photovoltaic panels, and it dominates the world market for wind turbines. Germany has also had success exporting its energy policy, specifically the feed-in-tariff (FIT). This system of government-mandated rates that electric utilities must pay to renewable electricity producers has been adopted in at least 37 countries. FIT is often hailed as a means to kick-start the transition away from fossil fuel electricity generation.
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