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Sewage treatment - Technology vs Worms?

(74 posts) (42 voices)
  • Started 3 years ago by mickhavill
  • Latest reply from tadpole

Tags:

  • A&A
  • A&A Wormfarm
  • aerobic
  • Biolytix
  • health
  • Microsoft Excel 2010
  • OnZite wastewater treatment wormfarm
  • re-use of water
  • Septic
  • sewage
  • sewage treatment systems
  • transpiration mound
  • water treatment
  • worm
  • Worm Farm
  • Wormfarm
  • wormfarm septic
  • worms
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  1. User has not uploaded an avatar

    mickhavill
    Member

    Your opinions please!

    I have to replace our 20 year old septic tank system which was not correctly maintained by the previous owners.
    I seem to have two alternatives (neither of which are cheap!)
    1)A 'Domestic sewage treatment plant' which requires electricity, quarterly maintenance and annual testing for the EPA. It seems that the water out can be put directly on to the surface of the soil - but would this include plants which may be for human consumption?
    2)A conversion of the existing septic tank to a worm composter. This appears to be the more ecological solution but it seems that there are a number of disadvantages:
    a) the outflow from the composter is full of nutrients but can only be put into the sub soil in a 100m soak away - seems such a waste?
    b) the worms are vulnerable to some household chemicals - which we can moderate but not eliminate.
    c) (from an ex-CSIRO physicist) the effectiveness of the worms can not be relied upon and there is a risk that 'untreated'sewage could get into the subsoil and eventually into the water of the Yarra.

    I would like to know if the members have any experiences of either systems which they would be willing to share?

    Posted Monday 10 Nov 2008 @ 2:08:28 am from IP #
  2. User has not uploaded an avatar

    aburnett
    Member

    Before I found I was unlikely to get permission to install in a sewered area, I was considering http://www.biolytix.com. It seems pretty amazing - the inventor won New Inventors not once but twice.

    Antony

    Posted Thursday 27 Nov 2008 @ 11:27:07 am from IP #
  3. User has not uploaded an avatar

    johnpao
    Member

    Hi

    We are looking at an alternative system for a house we are building in Mudgee (NSW) - here's what we have decided:

    A conventional septic tank, to treat the water to a primary stage, and hold the solids.

    This then cascades into a fully sealed reed bed, to filter the water and reduce nutrients to a secondary stage.

    From reed bed to a fully selaed transpiration bed, to allow remaining water to be taken up and evaporated (back to pure clean water).

    Benefits are no waste water would be allowed to go into the ground, reducing any risks of contamination to the ground water/soil. No pumps/chlorine.

    Downside is land area required; it is a 'hand on' system - in that you need to monitor carefully. Not all regions are suitable for such a system (need to calculate evaporation rates for your area). Need to have an overflow plan - usually a holding tank that can be pumped back to the reed bed/tranpiration bed after long wet/cold weather.

    If you are interested can send more details.

    Good luck!

    Posted Thursday 18 Dec 2008 @ 8:52:48 am from IP #
  4. User has not uploaded an avatar

    mickhavill
    Member

    Thanks for the responses. After speaking to a couple of people using worm farms we've decided to go for the A&A worm farm waste treament system. In respect of my questions it seems that the water can be redirected onto flower beds but not onto crops depending upon local council constraints; the worms are tolerant to low levels of household chemicals; and the system is certified by the EPA, so there should be no risk to the environment.
    Whilst I like the idea of capturing the methane and using it for cooking, I am reminded of the Tom Sharpe comedy "The Wilt Alternative" with an hilarious but disasterous outcome for Wilt and his wife when the composter in the cellar exploded

    Posted Wednesday 24 Dec 2008 @ 1:05:09 am from IP #
  5. User has not uploaded an avatar

    Mario
    Member

    Hello mickhavill,
    We are also investigating our waste treatment options on a new home and are considering A&A worm farm. We have spoken with and visited them at their Hastings (Vic) office and it appears to be a practical system for our requirments.
    I see you post is 10 months old, so I was hoping you could give me an update on how the waste treatment is performing.
    Cheers
    Mario

    Posted Saturday 7 Nov 2009 @ 1:37:32 am from IP #
  6. User has not uploaded an avatar

    dymonite69
    Member

    We opted for the Biolytix system because it seemed a good way to recycle all our wastewater. Currently it is being used to irrigate a couple dozen fruit trees. The website is well presented and there has been independent evaluation of the system. The company seems to have invested a reasonable amount of R&D. They say it a fairly robust system but I think we have to reminded it is still a biological system. There are still questions that run through my mind.

    Are the irrigation lines affected significantly by biofilm

    Is the effluent quality altered significantly by different insults:

    1) Leaving the unit unused for long periods of time
    2) Prolonged inclement weather or temperature extremes
    3) Exposure to certain household chemicals or drugs that the occupants may be taking e.g. antibiotics, chemotherapy

    Is the acceptance rate of the soil affected by changing conditions

    1) Heavy rainfall
    2) Type and density of overlying vegetation
    3) Varying rates of evapotranspiration

    I suspect that most of these things haven't been investigated in great detail. It would interesting to know the results for an 'average household' who aren't particularly careful about what they put in it.

    Posted Saturday 7 Nov 2009 @ 2:46:13 am from IP #
  7. User has not uploaded an avatar

    hillslope
    Member

    We installed one of the A&A wormfarm systems 3 years ago. Spoke to a number of people before who had the worm system and other hi-tech systems as well, and the worms one came out on top. We had the space for the reuse of the water and could not afford the biolytix system (seems to be the best). Great the way the A&A include installation in the price!

    Reasons we went for the worms: 2 year ongoing inspection period, and negligible power use - only occasional pump operation to empty sump for ours. If you have good fall, there can be no power use, i.e. use gravity.

    The tech water treatment systems friends have require minimum quarterly inspections by councils/EPA, and high power use - so looking at $2-300 per quarter minimum for inspections/chemicals and power.

    When you use a reuse system the one factor that doesnt show much in discussions is SALT in detergents. While a reuse system with water going to gardens/trees/lawns can handle P, the salt is a long term killer of soils and plants. Some low P detergents still have high salt/sodium loads so choose your detergent carefully. We use low P, low salt detergents and they still get everything as clean as others in a front loader.

    Our worm farm system is going really well - the worms and other invertebrates that are now in there will eat anything organic - even citrus, paper, cardboard, cotton clothing, garden weeds/pruning, kitchen waste etc as well as blackwater contents. In fact we have to remember to give them some paper regularly if it is all green and liquid going in. Great for bills etc - extra bonus is the guarantee nobody will access your personal information from the worm farm even if they get there soon enough!

    Also - less pong than the old septic- but I think it was old and stuffed - was certainly stuffed with tree roots.

    The only negative - we put the wastewater to subsurface irrigation under a lawn thinking we would have a lovely green lawn all summer, rather than trees. Council insisted we have 200m of pipes (approx 200 m sq) for the system, while the installer reckoned we would only need 50 m sq. In late summer a family of four appears to only be irrigating about 30-40m of pipe (4 green stripes and the rest of the lawn dry). Other locals put their wastewater from the worms to trees/fruit trees and enjoy fantastic crops.

    Ours handles regular changes with visitors bringing occupants from 4 to 6-8 without any noticable difference, problems or pong.

    Two worm systems nearby were installed by retirees who leave for the winter - so long periods of nil use, and the worms seem to handle this without any problem. One told us they were away for four months, came back and had visitors so 6 people in the house immediately and the worms were going again quickly. Another family, with an aerator technology treatment system says theirs has major issues every time they have guests which increases the throughput suddenly.

    All the other people we know with worm systems all reckon they are great. Ours is certainly doing everything we wanted. Once going, it is amazing how much the worms can eat. We get lots of frosts, and it does not seem to have any impact on worm activity - with the tank buried it seems to stay constant temperature.

    Our council prefer reuse systems to septics - and now have a 10 year maximum life on septic drainfields depending on soils - before requiring replacement. Dont have this on reuse systems targeted to trees/gardens. Had to do the full absorption rate tests for the area where the water was going so they could figure out the max area.

    Sorry, no idea what will happen with heavy rainfall. We used to have high rainfall winters but not anymore. Mind you this year was good rainfall and we had no problems with saturation. Most reuse systems direct the water to trees or gardens, so there is normally a higher water use regime in place compared to septic drainfields.

    Probably the biggest risk with the worm based ones is that since the tank is buried (modified poly septic tank)and most of the time is empty of fluid, there is a risk in really long heavy rainfall of the surrounding soil getting saturated and lifting the tank out of the ground - ours has a drain and pump at the base to prevent this. That and floods that fill the tank - but they stuff septics as well.

    Posted Wednesday 11 Nov 2009 @ 2:38:21 am from IP #
  8. User has not uploaded an avatar

    jenny mayers
    Member

    Excuse the obvious question but what are the major differences between a common 'microbial' septic system and a 'worm' composter. Is there a difference in the quality or amount of liquid delivered from the system? I'm assuming you don't have access to compost material from the unit so if you're keen to compost you're not going to be using the worm system for that. Or am I missing something?

    Posted Thursday 12 Nov 2009 @ 9:56:37 am from IP #
  9. User has not uploaded an avatar

    hillslope
    Member

    Either a direct septic system, or a worm composter (that takes blackwater) I would not like to directly access the compost materialas either system still contain effluent pathogens. The worm farm sewage treatment provides liquid based output - the worm castings from the solid inputs and any liquid inflow all get pumped out into the trenches or pipes. Due to the risk of contact with disease pathogens, the outflow for all these have to go underground - at least sub surface to avoid contact.

    If you want to compost to get access for the garden, I would stick with a regular household worm farm or composting system.

    Posted Thursday 12 Nov 2009 @ 10:34:37 am from IP #
  10. User has not uploaded an avatar

    dymonite69
    Member

    Traditional septic tanks are anaerobic systems. The microbiological 'soup' processes the waste without the presence of oxygen. This limits the extent of the transforming chemical reactions. When the effluent leaves the tank and enters the soakage trench, it is only 50% processed. Further activity occurs in the soil before it is fully processed. Since the effluent is highly contaminated the soakage trench needs to be fairly deep and so the water is not usable.

    Aerobic systems (that includes one that have worms) can process the effluent more completely. This includes natural reed bed systems. The artificially constructed ones sometimes have several tanks in series, the initial one often is similar to a septic tank where initial sedimentation occurs. There are various ways of aerating the effluent e.g. bubblers, stirrers or biofilters. They all require additional energy to do this. However, the Biolytix system has probably the most energy efficient and elegant construction.

    Aerobic systems generally allow the effluent to be dispersed at a shallower level that provide water access for trees and plants to grow on.

    In either case there is still a nutrient load (e.g. nitrogen, phosphorus etc) in the effluent and there are still bacteria contained within it.

    If you want to use it above surface, further disinfection must occur. Commonly this involves UV light but it can include chlorination (not enviro-friendly) or ozonation. This final step adds additional expense in materials and running costs.

    Biolytix encourages putting kitchen scraps through an InSinkerator to feed the worms. Essentially you are turning green waste into a continuous liquid fertiliser.

    Plant can actually thrive on this constant drip feed.

    Posted Thursday 12 Nov 2009 @ 12:03:39 pm from IP #
  11. User has not uploaded an avatar

    Mario
    Member

    Thanks hillslope for you detailed comments. They have been very helpful. I'm still working with A&A to optimise my treatment plant.
    It sounds like you may be somewhere around Melbourne??

    Posted Wednesday 18 Nov 2009 @ 5:32:17 am from IP #
  12. User has not uploaded an avatar

    ely
    Member

    Has anyone here tried or considered reed bed systems? We're looking to get one installed for our septic overflow instead of digging a trench.

    Ely

    Posted Sunday 22 Nov 2009 @ 10:46:57 am from IP #
  13. User has not uploaded an avatar

    hillslope
    Member

    Mario, we are about 3 hours from melbourne, in the hills (hence frosts).

    Dymonite - our worms have no problem chewing through anything without insinkerating - though I would expect doing that would accelerate their ability to consume kitchen scraps. I have enough trouble keeping enough food up to them as it is some times.

    We went on a sustainable house tour up near Albury 3 years ago, and one of them had a reed bed system. Apparently took a lot of effort to get the council to approve, but might have changed in recent years. I expect a reed bed system after a septic would work well - the major solids etc processed anaerobically in septic (primary treatment) then the reed beds doing the secondary treatment and nutrient removal. I have not seen much info on reed bed systems, but have heard they can be very effective.

    try google search for 'reed bed sewage system' for some good info.
    Actually, here is a great section at Lismore City Council with details and specs. http://www.lismore.nsw.gov.au/cmst/lcc002/view_doc.asp?id=3952&cat=148

    Posted Tuesday 24 Nov 2009 @ 2:56:44 am from IP #
  14. User has not uploaded an avatar

    olivial
    Member

    We have a septic system that has never worked properly. Our local council tested the soil before installation, and approved a septic, however our soil is very heavy clay, and through winter and also with heavy rain the absorption trenches over flow, and the smell of sewerage is strong. Were are considering changing our system to either a composting toilet, and perhaps converting the septic tank to a grey water system (if this is possible?),or converting the septic tank to a worm system. We live in a rural area with rain water tanks so a no flush toilet is appealing, as would a system where we can use recycled grey water for gardening.
    I'd appreciate any feed back or experience, thanks.

    Posted Sunday 29 Nov 2009 @ 5:20:22 am from IP #
  15. User has not uploaded an avatar

    hillslope
    Member

    olivial,

    whichever option you go you will still have the issue of reuse of the waste water. Apparently if your septic is one of the vertical types, the worm farm mob can retrofit to install a worm farm. You will then need to modify your outflow or add new trenches for winter. Our worm farm system was on heavy clays also, but we had the advantage of large evergreen trees nearby to capture any excess from the subsurface system.

    You would be better adding more absorbtion trenches as a minimum to give you enough for winter use.

    Posted Wednesday 10 Feb 2010 @ 11:42:14 am from IP #
  16. User has not uploaded an avatar

    slees32
    Member

    I live on an unsewered block (I won't say where because I don't want to make any enemies at the moment).
    I've had a Taylex Clearwater 90 Compact system for 11 years now - and I hate it - while it is very effective I do not regard it as very financially or environmentally efficient.
    I installed it after the council stopped me from installing a standard septic system as a test case in our area (you might have guessed I don't like my council much either).

    I do like the fact that I use the water to irrigate my fruit trees using sub surface drippers. As long as I keep the extra external filter maintained I rarely have trouble with blocked drippers. This part of the system works very well. The only problem for Taylex is that I did all that myself. And could be done with any sort of system.

    Back to the Taylex system though;
    - It breeds mosquitos constantly - I've had everyone from the owner down flick pass me on this problem - I can only control it by tipping some kero in every few weeks (great!).
    - I can't (not supposed to) reuse the solids as fertliser (what a waste of good waste)
    - After 6 years, for the last 5 years, I have been forced (after fighting it I eventually received an eviction notice) to pay a $300 annual (for 4 visits) maintenance contract for people to turn up who less about the system than I do (they turn over staff about every year).
    - Several of the cheap plastic pumps broke until I installed my own quality pump.
    - I hate the ongoing energy cost to run the aerator - I figure the much lower pump running cost (for irrigating) I am going to have no matter what system I use.
    - It was installed by my then family friend plumber outside my bedroom window and keeps me awake at night with the aerator sucking in air
    - The aerator capacitor broke 6 years ago meaning it can no longer turn itself on - so I have to lift it out and spin it around to do this - which I do every morning because I have to turn it off every night so I can get to sleep.
    - The latest serviceman has now started writing on the service docket that my aerator - which has been like this for the entire 5 years they have been servicing it - is now suddenly "unsafe" - so I expect to soon have the council on my back about this - they don't repair the aerator I am told - so I need to pay $500 for a new one - and throw away a functioning one because of the capacitor - not a very environmentally sound prospect for me.

    For the above reasons I have wanted to get rid of this system for some time now.
    Ideally I want composting toilets and a reedbed system for my greywater that ends in a tank that I continue to daily pump out of for my fruit trees.
    But my house is on a concrete slab so composting toilets seem to be out for me.
    I researched the on slab type models which apart from being expensive, all use heaters that each consume more energy than the Taylex system aerator.
    So I seem to keep running into a brick wall.
    Anyone have any suggestions for me?

    And a final note of possible interest for any Taylex owners.
    You probably don't need to ever get the system pumped out - which with the skyrocketing price of this service could save you some dollars.
    When I did get my system pumped out (because I was told I needed it by the experts) the guy commented on how little solids there were.
    So the last time I was told I needed to do this, I spent some time down under my hatches, and have come up with this theory.
    That the solids do not fall to the bottom of the tank like a conventional septic tank.
    The aerating seems to make most of them float on the surface.
    Here they crust over and eventually build up to the level they start blocking the intake pipe.
    So I now break up this solid crusted surface mass about every 6-12 months and bucket it out to my own worm farm recycling trenches.
    From here all going well after a couple of years I will use this to fertilise my fruit trees - or just leave it in the covered trenches.
    Which is exactly what I would be doing if I was able to install composting toilets.

    Posted Friday 19 Feb 2010 @ 7:35:00 am from IP #
  17. User has not uploaded an avatar

    cepat
    Member

    For johnpao,
    We have a home on acreage near Orange which we owner-built 6 years ago.
    With the approval of our local council and the plumber, a septic system was installed.
    Shortly thereafter the absorption trenches failed leaving us with a disastrous mess!
    Research thus far has us of the opinion that a reed bed would be the best solution to our problem, especially as cost is one of the deciding factors.
    We would greatly appreciate if you could forward any information you have available.
    Thankyou in anticipation!

    Posted Wednesday 16 Jun 2010 @ 11:51:00 am from IP #
  18. User has not uploaded an avatar

    einadia
    Member

    Does anyone have any info/experience about a sand filter? Our Land Capability Assessment geotech said it is an option, and the Council allows them, but I hear conflicting things about them. Biolytix says sludge may need pumping out of the septic tank and the sand filter. Does the sand/gravel ever need redoing?

    Posted Tuesday 26 Oct 2010 @ 4:03:03 am from IP #
  19. termite

    termite
    Member

    ely:
    There is a reed bed system at Seventeen Mile Rocks in Brisbane, on the escarpment above Rocks Riverside Park. It is a large one but works efficiently. Two reed beds, each about the size of a typical building block, produce 360,000 litres of treated water (grade A after UV sterilisation) per DAY. This is twice what the 26 hectare park needs for watering its extensive grassed areas.
    Having spoken with the designer, I get the impression it can be scaled down easily, and is based on commonly-used farm systems in France.

    Posted Tuesday 26 Oct 2010 @ 5:49:11 am from IP #
  20. User has not uploaded an avatar

    dymonite69
    Member

    UV is quite energy intensive. Do you need to sterilise it for non-potable purposes?

    Posted Tuesday 26 Oct 2010 @ 10:00:11 am from IP #
  21. termite

    termite
    Member

    dymonite69: are you referring to the 17 mile rocks installation? Some paranoia by Brisbane Council, I expect.
    It is a public park, popular, and particularly with children - every weekend there are several birthday parties held there, aside from many other users. Watering only occurs outside open hours, though it is quite possible that residue may not have enough time to be sterilised by sunlight, by the time kids come into contact with it, playing touch footy, or toddlers trip and get a mouthful.
    The water was also used by the community farm in that park - until the new QLD state water utility got shirty and forbade its use on leafy vegetables. Great loss, as the plotholders wanted to use the water and were happy with the treatment level.

    Posted Tuesday 26 Oct 2010 @ 10:16:33 am from IP #
  22. User has not uploaded an avatar

    PV2010
    Member

    Einada

    Southern Cross University (Lismore) have done a lot of research on reed beds (Phragmites Australis + other species http://www.ecotechnologyaustralia.com/SlipPages/media.php) they also looked at sand filters, biofilters and WSUD designs. I know the Centre for Ecotechnology located at the Uni was researching sand filters etc
    Try sending them an email, they can point you to the most up to date info

    Lismore Council draws heavily from the University's work,so any info from LCC is also good as there is a myriad of reed beds (and compost toilets) through the Lismore region. Indeed many regional towns have a giant pineapple or whatever, a giant compost toilet was suggested for Lismore!, but I digress.

    Together the reed bed and sand filter offer complimentary services, the P (phosphates) are removed in the reed bed through absorption into biofilms on the gravel surface and settling out, available N is removed by plant species. Further N (nitrogen based compounds) can be removed by dosing the sand filters.Eventually the gravel in the reedbed will need to be redone, this is dependent on how well the initial system is designed and how it is operated.

    Posted Tuesday 26 Oct 2010 @ 10:45:22 am from IP #
  23. User has not uploaded an avatar

    Keith
    Member

    Just joined this forum.
    I was searching for information on the worm farm septic systems.
    I am designing a new house that will be self sufficient for water, sewage and power.
    There is town water available but I prefer rainwater and have a more than adequate supply available. The worm farm septic system will allow all the "waste" water to be utilised for plant irrigation on site. I do not need to worry about purifying any further than the level that comes from the worm farm as it will be dispersed sub surface.

    Concerns have been raised that the temperatures experienced out here in Central Western Queensland will kill the worms. Summer day temperatures reach between 38 and 45 degrees.

    Do any members have experience with this type of septic in hot conditions.

    Posted Wednesday 15 Dec 2010 @ 7:39:18 am from IP #
  24. User has not uploaded an avatar

    dymonite69
    Member

    Biolytix suggest covering the unit with mulch in summer to give some heat protection to worms.

    Posted Thursday 16 Dec 2010 @ 2:06:53 pm from IP #
  25. User has not uploaded an avatar

    Lumbuck Thornton
    Member

    Occasionally worms will die but you have to understand there may be many more ready to replace them and consider the resiliance of the worm eggs. These survive deep in the unit provided there is moisture for years. If for some reason all worms are lost then they could be replaced in the cooler seasons again. The system does not just rely on the worms - there is composting and other bugs as well. It is normally wet composting but drying will just result in dry composting for a while. Either way it is still managing your wastes and wastewater.

    I would place far greater trust in worms than many plumbers or mechanical systems. The worms were there first ! It is a dynamic biological system and the key issue to design for is high load and wet winters - the absorption system needs to be designed so the worms do not drown.

    Posted Monday 27 Dec 2010 @ 10:53:20 pm from IP #
  26. User has not uploaded an avatar

    paulazzopardi
    Member

    Hi slees32, i would love to know which quality pump you chose for your Taylex Clearwater 90. Mine has died after 8 years. Not a bad run i suppose but it's noisy and a waste of resoures Thanks for your post.

    Posted Tuesday 4 Jan 2011 @ 11:33:55 pm from IP #
  27. User has not uploaded an avatar

    Diver
    Member

    Biolytix website is shut down and it appears the company has gone under.

    Posted Thursday 20 Jan 2011 @ 2:50:24 pm from IP #
  28. User has not uploaded an avatar

    Chrisv
    Member

    Hi Hillslope,

    Are you still happy with the A&A system?

    Have you had any unforeseen difficulties etc?

    In short I suppose, would you install it again giving your experience?

    I am building on Kangaroo Island and will bee installing a worm/bio system of some sorts and looking into A&A and Biolytix at the moment.

    Thanks for your input.

    Chrisv.

    Posted Sunday 23 Jan 2011 @ 5:13:09 am from IP #
  29. User has not uploaded an avatar

    dymonite69
    Member

    To confirm that Biolytix has gone bankrupt. We have their system and their lawyers have distributed an email indicating this. My plumber confirms this to be true.

    They said it has something to do with the QLD floods but who knows why. The product itself seems quite good.

    Nonetheless the unit is fairly simple to service. It just needs any undigested waste removed once a year to an EPA approved site. The filter bags sometimes need reshuffling.

    Other maintenance issues include scouring the irrigation lines if they get blocked.

    The biggest expense apparently is replacing the main sump pump if for some reason it fails. It is a SUMO submersible pump.

    I am sure I can source their worms somewhere.

    Posted Sunday 23 Jan 2011 @ 9:23:43 am from IP #
  30. User has not uploaded an avatar

    Diver
    Member

    There is a thread on Whirlpool: "Biolytix in Liquidation" and one poster has listed several (seemingly well informed???) 'design issues' that has allegedly caused the company's demise. Paramount to the 'issues' is the alleged vulnerability and subsequent failure of electronic componentry during flooding.

    Given that the units operate sub surface and provided the posters information is correct, the 'design issues' are serious and to which anyone with a Biolytix system should be made aware of.

    In recent years, Kangaroo Island Council commissioned Wallbridge and Gilbert Consulting Engineers to assess the Biolytix system amongst others for suitability as an integrant communal system and they recommended against its usage, see 2009 report at bottom.

    The reasons mostly centered on geotechnical considerations and the possible overall impact if one or more units were to underperform and compromise the integrity of the system. Flooding was mentioned at 9.1.2 but this only surmised the systems then (assumed) likely performance and did not identify any possible design flaws that could lead to a catastrophic system failure.

    http://www.kangarooisland.sa.gov.au/webdata/resources/files/CWMS_Grav_sewer_v_biolytix_reduced.pdf

    Posted Sunday 23 Jan 2011 @ 3:11:51 pm from IP #

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